Colonoscopy vs Endoscopy: What’s The Difference?
Colonoscopy and endoscopy are two distinct medical procedures commonly used to examine the digestive system. While they share similarities in using a flexible tube with a camera to visualise internal structures, their purposes, methods, and areas of focus differ significantly. This guide explains these differences in detail to provide clarity on what each procedure involves.
Key Differences Between Colonoscopy and Endoscopy
When Are These Procedures Recommended?
Endoscopy
This procedure is recommended for symptoms related to the upper digestive tract, such as persistent heartburn, difficulty swallowing, unexplained stomach pain, or nausea. It is also used to monitor conditions like ulcers or gastritis and can collect tissue samples (biopsies) for further diagnosis.
Colonoscopy
This procedure is advised for symptoms involving the lower digestive tract, such as rectal bleeding, persistent diarrhoea, or changes in bowel habits. It is also a primary method for colorectal cancer screening, especially for individuals over 50 or those with a family history of the disease.
Preparation Requirements
Endoscopy
Preparation involves fasting for several hours before the procedure to ensure the stomach is empty. This provides a clear view of the upper digestive system. Your doctor may also ask you to temporarily stop certain medications that could interfere with the results.
Colonoscopy
Preparation is more detailed, requiring a bowel-cleansing plan. This typically involves drinking a prescribed laxative solution to empty the colon and possibly following a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure. Proper preparation ensures accurate examination results.
What Happens During the Procedures?
Endoscopy
After sedation, the doctor gently inserts a thin, flexible tube (endoscope) through your mouth and guides it into the oesophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine. The camera on the endoscope transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the area. If necessary, tissue samples can be taken during the procedure.
Colonoscopy
You will also be sedated for comfort during this procedure. A longer tube (colonoscope) is inserted through the rectum and carefully navigated through the colon. The camera captures detailed images of the lining, enabling the doctor to detect abnormalities like polyps. Any polyps found can be removed during the procedure.
Procedure Duration
Endoscopy
The procedure usually takes about 15 to 30 minutes, depending on whether additional steps, such as biopsies, are required.
Colonoscopy
Typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes, as it involves examining the entire colon and, if necessary, removing polyps or taking tissue samples.
Recovery Process
Endoscopy
After an endoscopy, you may experience mild throat irritation, dryness, or slight swallowing discomfort. Bloating from air introduced during the procedure may also occur but typically resolves within a few hours. Resting for the remainder of the day is advised, particularly if sedation was used. Avoid hot or spicy foods immediately afterward to reduce irritation.
Colonoscopy
After a colonoscopy, mild cramping or bloating is common but usually subsides within a few hours. If polyps were removed, your doctor may recommend avoiding strenuous activities for a day or two. Staying hydrated and following post-procedure instructions can help ensure a smooth recovery, and resting at home is advised.
Conclusion
Colonoscopy and endoscopy are distinct procedures used to examine different parts of the digestive system. Learning about their differences, including the areas they assess and what each involves, can help you feel more prepared. If you are experiencing symptoms or require an evaluation, book a consultation to discuss which procedure is most suitable for your needs.