Haemorrhoids in Women: What You Should Know
Haemorrhoids affect women of all ages, causing discomfort and other symptoms that can interfere with daily activities. Women may develop haemorrhoids during different life stages, such as pregnancy or menopause, due to natural body changes. This guide examines how haemorrhoids develop and what factors make them more likely to occur.
What Are Haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids occur when blood vessels in the lower rectum and anal area become swollen, potentially leading to bleeding, discomfort, and other symptoms. They are classified into three main forms based on their location and characteristics
Internal Haemorrhoids
These develop inside the rectum and typically cause painless bleeding during bowel movements. In some cases, they may extend outside the anus, causing mild irritation or discomfort.
External Haemorrhoids
These form under the skin around the anus and often cause swelling, discomfort, and itching. They may bleed when irritated.
Thrombosed Haemorrhoids
These develop when a blood clot forms in an external haemorrhoid, causing significant swelling and pain. They often appear as a firm, painful lump near the anus.
Causes of Haemorrhoids in Women
The development of haemorrhoids in women stems from several factors, including physiological changes and specific life stages.
Changes During Pregnancy
Pregnancy hormones increase blood flow and relax vein walls. The growing uterus exerts pressure on pelvic veins, and the strain during delivery can worsen this condition.
Monthly Cycle Changes
Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation can contribute to constipation, which may worsen haemorrhoid symptoms in some women.
Changes After Menopause
Hormonal changes after menopause can weaken blood vessel walls and supportive tissues, increasing the likelihood of haemorrhoids, often exacerbated by age-related factors such as constipation.
Other Factors That Can Lead to Haemorrhoids
In addition to women-specific factors, several general elements can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids.
Daily Activities
Sitting for prolonged periods, whether at work, during travel, or while relaxing, increases pressure on the veins in the pelvic area. This constant pressure can impair blood flow and lead to the swelling of veins, eventually resulting in haemorrhoids.
Bowel Habits
Frequent straining during bowel movements, caused by chronic constipation or persistent diarrhoea, places excessive pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus. Over time, this strain weakens the vein walls, making them more prone to swelling and irritation.
Body Weight
Carrying excess body weight adds additional pressure on the pelvic veins, particularly during activities like standing or walking for extended periods. Obesity is a known risk factor for haemorrhoids due to this increased strain on the vascular system.
Family History
A genetic predisposition can be a major factor in haemorrhoid development. Individuals who inherit weaker vein walls or less resilient connective tissues may be more susceptible to developing haemorrhoids.
Age-Related Changes
As we age, the tissues that support the rectal and anal veins naturally lose strength and elasticity. This weakening makes it easier for veins to become swollen or prolapsed, which explains why haemorrhoids are more common in older adults.
Recognising the Symptoms of Haemorrhoids
Recognising the symptoms of haemorrhoids is necessary for obtaining prompt treatment. Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the haemorrhoids.
Symptoms of Internal Haemorrhoids
The most common symptom of internal haemorrhoids is painless bleeding during bowel movements. Bright red blood may appear on toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of the stool. If an internal haemorrhoid prolapses (extends outside the anus), it may cause mild irritation or discomfort.
Symptoms of External Haemorrhoids
External haemorrhoids often lead to tenderness, swelling, and noticeable lumps around the anus. You may experience discomfort or pain when sitting, during bowel movements, or while cleaning the area. Persistent irritation or itching is also common.
Symptoms of Thrombosed Haemorrhoids
Thrombosed haemorrhoids occur when a blood clot forms within an external haemorrhoid. These are typically very painful and cause significant swelling near the anus. The affected area may appear bluish or dark due to the trapped blood.
When To Seek Medical Advice
If you experience ongoing bleeding during bowel movements, seek a medical assessment to determine the cause and prevent complications. Significant discomfort, especially with thrombosed haemorrhoids, also warrants prompt medical attention.
Additionally, symptoms such as fever, redness, or unusual discharge may indicate a possible infection, requiring immediate care. Recognising these signs early can lead to timely intervention and help prevent further complications associated with haemorrhoids.
Tips to Prevent Hemorrhoids
You can reduce your risk of haemorrhoids by making simple lifestyle changes. Eat a fiber-rich diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and drink enough water to keep stools soft. Stay active with regular exercise to support digestion and reduce pressure on rectal veins.
Avoid prolonged sitting by changing positions throughout the day. Maintain healthy bowel habits by not delaying when you feel the urge, avoiding straining, and keeping toilet visits brief to reduce irritation.
Conclusion
Women may develop haemorrhoids due to natural body changes, lifestyle factors, and the ageing process. Recognising the signs early allows for better management and prevention of complications.
Schedule a consultation today to receive professional guidance on managing your symptoms and exploring suitable treatment options.