Treatment Options for Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectal and anal areas that can cause discomfort, itching, and pain, particularly during bowel movements. They are a common condition that may develop due to increased pressure on the veins, often from straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or prolonged sitting. Haemorrhoids can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus), and symptoms vary from mild irritation to significant pain and bleeding.
This article provides an overview of treatment options for haemorrhoids, covering non-surgical, surgical, and lifestyle-based approaches to help individuals effectively manage symptoms, reduce discomfort, and prevent recurrence.
Treatment Options for Haemorrhoids
There are several treatments for haemorrhoids, ranging from non-surgical methods for mild cases to surgical options for more severe cases. The primary goals of treatment are usually to alleviate symptoms, shrink haemorrhoids, and prevent recurrence.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatments are often recommended for mild to moderate haemorrhoids. These approaches aim to relieve symptoms and, in some cases, may eliminate haemorrhoids without surgery. Common non-surgical options include:
Topical Treatment
Creams, ointments and suppositories can help reduce inflammation, itching, and pain. These treatments are especially effective for mild haemorrhoids and are applied directly to the affected area to provide local relief while the haemorrhoids heal.
Medication
Medications can help manage haemorrhoid symptoms, particularly when topical treatments are insufficient. Several medications are commonly used to treat haemorrhoids, including:
Vasoconstrictors: These are oral medications that narrow blood vessels, reducing the size of haemorrhoids and relieving discomfort. They are generally prescribed for smaller haemorrhoids when topical options are inadequate.
Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, help manage the discomfort associated with haemorrhoids. Although effective for temporary relief, prolonged use should be monitored by a healthcare provider.
Antibiotics: If a haemorrhoid becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection and reduce inflammation.
Stool Softeners: Stool softeners can ease bowel movements, reducing the strain that can worsen haemorrhoids. These are particularly useful in preventing irritation during recovery.
Rubber Band Ligation
This minimally invasive procedure, typically used for internal haemorrhoids, involves placing a small rubber band around the base of the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. Over a few days, the haemorrhoid gradually shrinks and falls, providing symptom relief without requiring surgery. Rubber band ligation is typically recommended for moderate internal haemorrhoids that have not responded to topical treatments or medication.
Surgical Treatment
Surgical intervention is recommended when non-surgical methods are ineffective or if haemorrhoids are large, prolapsed, or causing significant discomfort and bleeding. Surgery provides longer-term relief by removing or reducing the haemorrhoids.
Haemorrhoidectomy
This procedure involves the complete removal of the haemorrhoid and is typically recommended for large or prolapsed haemorrhoids that have not responded to less invasive treatments. Haemorrhoidectomy is effective for severe cases, though it may require a longer recovery period and involve some post-operative discomfort.
Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy
Primarily used for internal haemorrhoids, stapled haemorrhoidopexy involves repositioning the haemorrhoids back into their normal position inside the rectum and cutting off their blood supply, which causes them to shrink. This technique typically results in less pain and a faster recovery than traditional haemorrhoidectomy, making it suitable for treating prolapsed internal haemorrhoids.
Laser Haemorrhoid Surgery
This minimally invasive procedure uses a laser to shrink or remove haemorrhoids by sealing the tissue as it cuts. This reduces bleeding and post-operative pain, allowing for quicker recovery and less discomfort compared to other surgical methods. Laser surgery can treat both internal and external haemorrhoids effectively.
Managing Haemorrhoid Symptoms
Simple dietary and lifestyle changes can significantly help in managing haemorrhoid symptoms and reducing recurrence. Increasing fibre intake through fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes softens stools and reduces the need for straining, while fibre supplements and hydration further support digestion.
Regular physical activity, such as walking or swimming, promotes bowel health and circulation, helping to prevent constipation. Managing stress through mindfulness or yoga can improve digestion and reduce symptom aggravation. Additionally, avoiding prolonged sitting, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake can relieve rectal pressure and support overall digestive health.
Conclusion
While haemorrhoids can cause considerable discomfort, a range of treatment options is available to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Non-surgical approaches often provide adequate relief, while surgical procedures are available for more persistent or severe cases, offering lasting symptom management.
Schedule a consultation today to determine the most effective treatment plan for your specific needs.